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II THE CHARACTERISTICS AND PREDICAMENTS OF THE MODERN WORLD 1. The basic principles of the Enlightenment in various spheres of culture. True to its historical beginnings, which we have already mentioned, the Enlightenment was motivated along the following lines: a) The absolute supremacy of human reason. Anything that did not conform to human logic was suspected of being prejudice and superstition. Miracles, belief in the supernatural, the supramundane, were all subject to questioning. Those who wished to believe in some religion, such as Christians for example, had to find a way of reconciling their faith with human reason, to find logical explanations regarding the existence of God, the soul and so on. So Christian theology embarked on an enormous effort to convince people ...